What automation does Essay Example for Free

What automation does Essay Office automation is one of the most important step towards the development of a better operations environment (Endrijjonas, 2005). Automation is considered a sure way to the development of a better operational environment and is often associated with increased productivity. Automating an office alone is not enough in ensuring this as the human aspect and contribution in automation is considerable. It is necessary for humans to intervene in any automated process as machines are created by man and are therefore bound to err. Moreover, the implementation of an automated office environment largely depends on the instruction streams that the system has been programmed with and is thus heavily dependent on the nature of the organizations operations. Automation is seen as a means to ease the work load. The office environment is one of the most tedious environment one can be in. The number of processes required for the functioning of an office make it difficult to implement a manual system. Therefore, an automated system does the same work in an environment that provide multiple functionality and at a speed that no ordinary man can ever achieve. Thus, the workload is managed more efficiently as the accuracy associated with the use of machines is higher than that of a manual system. Moreover, machines are seen as a means to the elimination of repetitive processes, and therefore the available human resource is used optimally. The overall result of the implementation of an automated system is efficiency in the operations process, which lead to optimal performance and thus increased performance which is seen in high throughput. One of the most misunderstood aspect of office automation is that the creation of a new system or tool is mandatory. This is a fallacy as there are instances where a wise selection of the available tools is all that is needed. Moreover, automation may imply the development and improvement of the existing system tools. Advantages Of Building There are several pros associated with building office automation software from scratch. The nature of the organization plays an important part in the determination of the advantage that the organization will accrue as a result of such a decision. Building is defined as coming up with a new system from scratch or from the system that is currently in place. Therefore, building is an initiative that will take place in the organization for a considerable time period and should therefore be monitored well within the organizational context. Economic One of the major consideration that an organization has to make in consideration of the development path in coming up with an automated Helpdesk support system is economic growth (Endrijjonas, 2005). The main aim of any business is making profits so as to engage in developmental and diversification agenda. The economic benefits accrued by the implementation of a system is thus a major consideration in deciding whether to choose or buy. When an organization builds a help desk support system, the organization from the first day of implementation becomes the owner of the system. Therefore, its asset base increases and so does the stability. This trend continues and any additional features added to the system will not only improve the efficiency of the system but also ensure that the organization grows. Therefore, the approach ensures that the organization grows at a level that is sustainable in consideration of its resource base. Furthermore, the need for additional funding, expertise and support from outside sources is eliminated or reduced by building. The needs of organizations may change, and they often do considerably. An important consideration in ensuring the growth of an organization is the effective address of their needs as at the time of occurrence (Grabbe, 2007). Industry and market trends are not the easiest aspect of business to predict as they are influenced by factors that are beyond the control of man. As a result the nature of an organizations need for automation is quite dynamic. A problem of this nature definitely requires a solution that befits, building an automated Helpdesk support system goes in line with dynamism. Building ensures that the system meets its objectives. Learning and development of technical staff is a consideration in development; the IT staff in developing the system get first hand knowledge and experience in developing and thus gain skills which will lead to better delivery by the automated system. Change is an aspect that is not easily accepted not only by humans but also by particles. According to Newton resisting change is normal for any particle, the psychological effect of change causes a general resistance (Kenyon, 2001). Therefore, organizations are often advised to implement changes in a gradual manner so as to ensure that all members of the organization are in line with the changes and thus uniform growth is experienced. Implementing an automated system is a change process and any organization should treat it one. Building an automation software goes in line with this and is thus appropriate is therefore appropriate. This is a very important consideration as the effect of a poorly managed change process on the economic stability of an organization is far much worse and often offsets the benefits and is a situation that any organization should go at any length to avoid. Cultural Organizational culture is cultivated for a number of years. Changing the culture as a means to development takes a number of years (Endrijjonas, 2005). Failure to incorporate the correlation of a strategy to corporate culture and the effect they have on each other is a source of failure of many project. Automation of office Helpdesk services is no exception and therefore all organizations must adopt a positive attitude towards the development of a culture friendly approach.

Shakespearean Influence On The Lion King English Literature Essay

Shakespearean Influence On The Lion King English Literature Essay Disneys classic movie, The Lion King, and Shakespeares tragic play, Hamlet: Prince of Denmark, have countless comparable aspects. Although William Shakespeare was alive many centuries prior to the movie, many of his elements seem to have rubbed off on The Lion King. Both are stories of a young prince who is torn apart by the premature death of his father. An evil uncle takes over the thrown that should rightly belong to the young prince. Both of the heroes overcome their own flaws and reservations, and attempt to take back their beloved kingdom. The two stories are comparable in their general plot line, ghost appearances, and final scene. After the deaths of the kings, Mufasa and King Hamlet reappear to their sons in the same way; via an apparition. Both of the kings visit their sons and give guidance that sets them into action. After seeing their sons lose their audacity and strength, they become personally offended by the idleness. Mufasa appears to Simba in the clouds, and tells him indirectly that he must rule over the Pride Lands in order to keep peace. Mufasa famously says, Look inside your self Simba, you are more than what you have become, you must take your place in the circle of life. Remember who you areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Remember. After being confronted by his father in the clouds, Simba gains the confidence necessary to face Scar in a battle for the throne. King Hamlet also appears to Hamlet as a ghost and urges his son to avenge his death. The King directly prompts Hamlet by saying Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder (I.v.31). The appearances of the ghosts drive the princes to action, although King Hamlet directly states his perpetrator and Mufasa only alludes to it. The endings of both stories are exceptionally analogous. The uncles, Claudius and Scar, attempt to kill their nephews in the same fashion in which they originally killed the King.  Claudius attempts to poison Prince Hamlet, just as he poisoned  King Hamlet.  Scar tries to push Simba off of a cliff, the same way in which he killed Mufasa.   However, neither of these endeavors works.  It should also be noted that disloyalty is a theme in Hamlet as well as the Lion King. In the final battles, both villains loyal accomplice turns on them. Laertes betrays Claudius, telling Hamlet that it was Claudius who put poison in the goblet. Laertes last words are Thy mothers poisoned. I can no more. The King, the Kings to blame (V.ii.350-351). Also, the Hyenas turn on Scar after their years of loyal service. Hamlet: Prince of Denmark and The Lion King, are parallel stories of young princes whose uncles murder the King and take over the thrown that should rightly belong to the Princes. Hamlet and Simba overcome their own flaws and reservations to take back their beloved kingdom. The two stories are comparable in their general plot line, ghost appearances, and final scene. Although many of the classic Disney movies, including the Lion King, appear to be pure amusement for young kids, if one probes deep enough beneath the surface, metaphors, as well as connections to some of the greatest literature of all time can be revealed. William Shakespeare is unquestionably one of the most influential writers of all time, so it is not surprising that many of his most distinguished works, especially Hamlet: Prince of Denmark, are the basis of many contemporary works.

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Essay -- essays research papers

One of the more significant or essential concepts in my opinion is communication. Communication, the exchange of information is a key concept because when information is shared in a constructive manner there is an opportunity for understanding and even acceptance in most cases. Communication develops a sense of trust and portrays a gesture of sensitivity which usually results in a more positive reaction and cooperation. Open communication is especially important when transition is involved. Communication will enable a smoother transition because all will be aware of the changes taking place and with some explanation may welcome the change due to the greater understanding the communication may have provided. When an organization withholds information it creates havoc and mistrust amongst the members of that organization. Communication may not always be negative; it is just as important to communicate when the information is that of a positive nature. Organizational effectiveness and efficiency relies on each member of the organization’s participation or contribution. An organization must identify what their goals and strategy are and recognize what their strengths and weakness are. They must improve their methods and practices to greater their strengths and evaluate the areas or factors that are preventing or weakening their productivity and overall progress and restructure or eliminate to achieve the organizations goals. This is one area where organizational learning...

The Story of an Hour Essay -- English Literature

The Story of an Hour In 1894, Kate Chopin wrote, "The Story of an Hour." In this fictional tale the author describes the experience of Louise Mallard, a woman with heart trouble, immediately after receiving news of her husbands death. Unlike the expected reaction, Louise actually has a moment of relief realizing the freedoms she now has, which were taken from her by an unhappy marriage. All the events of the story take place within an hour in Louise's home. In the final minutes of the hour, Mrs. Mallard is shocked to see that her husband walks through the front door alive and well, which causes her to have a heart attack and die. While her family believes she had a heart attack because she was overjoyed, the author leads us to conclude the heart attack was actually caused by her realization that the freedoms she looked forward too were no longer a reality. Kate Chopin's description of what the main character feels and sees shows us how this is possible. The story is very well written as it flows from one paragraph to another each presenting a new idea or information for the reader. The story begins by informing us that Louise's husband, Brently Mallard, was killed in a railroad disaster. Being that Louise has a heart condition, her family was concerned with how she would react to the bad news. Her sister, Josephine, broke the news to her. She immediately cried as expected but the interesting part of the story is when she goes into her room and locks the door. While Mrs. Mallard is slouched in a chair her experience doesn't feel that tragic at all. The mood is rather peaceful and relaxing. The reader is reminded more of a sunny day than a gloomy sky. At this point it is almost confusing but Kate Chopin... ...the prisoner is put in handcuffs and taken back to his cell where he is reminded he will be for life. Imagine the mental strain that would cause the prisoner. I believe Mrs. Mallard's situation to be very similar. This is why after careful review of the text I am convinced that Louise's reaction to seeing her husband was still alive, was complete disappointment rather than joy. It was all her newfound hopes and dreams of a future of happiness destroyed due to the fact she would still be a wife. Just as Josephine was wrong about what Louise was going through in the bedroom, the doctors were wrong by saying she died of "a joy that kills."(315) WORKS CITED Chopin, Kate. "The Story of an Hour." Literature and Society: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, Nonfiction. Eds. Pamela J. Annas and Robert C. Rosen. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2000. 313-316.

Merging Social Work and Social Advocacy in Response to the Plight of Un

Merging Social Work and Social Advocacy in Response to the Plight of Unaccompanied Child Refugees in the United States Introduction More than any country in the world, the United States has been a haven for refugees fleeing religious and political persecution in their home countries. Linked forever to the phrase inscribed on the Statue of Liberty, "Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free," the United States, in the eyes of persecuted people throughout the world, has been idealized as a land of freedom and new beginnings. However, the changing face of refugees seeking asylum in the United States in the past several decades has exposed stark gaps in the legal, administrative, and social treatment of refugees. The majority of refugees in the early part of the twentieth century fled as families or in large groups. Recently, however, increasing numbers of children are fleeing their home countries alone. Currently, best estimates are that over one-half of the world's refugee population, or over 20 million, are children.1 Human Rights Watch, a watchdog non-governmental organization, estimated that in 1990 over 8,500 children, 70 percent of whom were unaccompanied, reached United States shores.2 While this figure is small relative to the total world estimate of child refugees, the lack of systemic or comprehensive United States governmental policies specifically geared toward assessing the asylum claims of children and their circumstances has become increasingly problematic. Continued human rights violations in China, worldwide genocide - as seen in Bosnia in the early 1990s and currently in Kosovo - and persistent civil wars in Sri Lanka and parts of Africa, have resulted in an increase of t... ...vler Center works with children and adults who are victims of torture, while a number of agencies, such as the Bosnian Refugee Center, provide support for specific ethnic groups. In terms of legal advocacy, the Midwest Immigrants Human Rights Center provides pro bono legal representation for adult and children asylum seekers. References Bhabha, J., & Young, W. (1998) Through A Child's Eyes: Protecting the Most Vulnerable Asylum Seekers. Interpreter Releases 75 (21), pp. 757-791. Center for the Study of Human Rights, Columbia University. (1994) Twenty-five Human Rights Documents. New York: Columbia University. Ehrenreich, R. (1997) Slipping Through the Cracks. New York: Human Rights Watch. Immigration and Naturalization Service, United States Department of Justice. (1998) Guidelines for Children's Asylum Claims. (File: 120/11.26).

Evaluating the Research Process/ Childhood Obesity Essay

Ji Li, PhD and Neal Hooker, PhD conducted a study on the links of childhood obesity and children who are enrolled in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), School Breakfast Program (SBP), clubs such as sports and others, and different living and household factors. This study utilized the conceptual framework of the literature review from the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) during 2003 and 2004, conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The study utilized the common quantitative research method called a survey which is a form of questionnaire. The survey was a telephone survey which was conducted on children 6-17 years old and surrounded questions about the physical and psychological lives. In the study there were 62,880 children studied and questioned. The study was conducted following ethical guidelines as it was not biased and took information from households, which were selected randomly, and had one child between the ages of 6-17. Also, the study was conducted by asking the families a series of questions that remained the same no matter the household or children’s age. The rights of the subjected were protected by random selection process however I do question the use of a telephone survey because the identities of the individuals can be identified based on the telephone numbers. The study does not indicate whether the telephone numbers of the respondents were recorded so it is difficult to determine whether this is a factor. In my opinion ensuring the anonymity of the subjects is particularly important when dealing with the group focused on by this study because they are children. That being said the study did not attempt to encourage, promote, or interfere in the lives of the subjects so I would say their rights were reasonably protected. The questions that were asked of the children were as follows: age, gender, highest level of child’s parents (high school), highest level of child’s parents (college), primary language in the home, current school child is enrolled (public or private), was child on a sports team in the past 12 months, in the past 12 months did the child participate in a club, average hour the child spent on the computer per chool day, average hour the child spent watching television on a school day, during the past month did either parent spend any time exercising enough to bring heart rate or breathing up, does anyone in the household smoke, is the household income more than 300% of the poverty limit, is the household income less than 300% of the poverty limit, during the past 12 months did anyone in the household receive free or reduced lunches or breakfast, and finally what is the body mass index (BMI) of the selected child in the household. Each question was given a point value of 0 or 1 and the totals were calculated by each household (Li, J. , & Hooker, N. , 2010). In terms of statistical analysis the data is telling the interpreter what households have a child who is over the recommended BMI or under the recommended BMI and how their lifestyle or social practices come into play influencing the BMI. The data was analyzed by grouping the selected children into groups of children who attend public school versus private school, their household’s income range, if they qualify for the school lunch or breakfast programs, and their BMI. The data was also analyzed in reference to all of the other questions asked such as parent’s education, and if anyone in the household smokes. All of these household and social situations can be used for analysis and to see if there is a trend that certain children in certain life situations may be more likely to suffer from childhood obesity. I think that the data is definitely statistically significant; however, I do think the numbers could be flawed in reference to the person being surveyed by telephone being truthful. The conclusions do match the results of the study that was conducted. The conclusion was that children who attend public schools have a slightly higher BMI than those who do not, and children who qualify for free or reduced lunch or breakfast programs have an even higher BMI and are at a higher risk of being overweight (Li, J. , & Hooker, N. , 2010). The conclusions also answers the research questions that were defined in the problem including the socioeconomic issues play a role in childhood obesity? Do the public or private school systems play a role in childhood obesity? Do the school lunch and breakfast programs play a part in childhood obesity? The survey results appeared to answer yes to all of these questions. I do think that the results off of the data, is accurate and appropriate. However, like I stated earlier in the paper, I do think that the numbers could be skewed due to inaccurate answers by the person being surveyed. The study found that â€Å"children attending public school had a mean BMI value of 0. 401 higher than those children who attended private school. Also, if the child surveyed attended public school and received free or reduced lunch or breakfast in the public school then their BMI value was 0. 25 higher than the child who attended private school. The study concluded that children in public school who took part in the lunch and breakfast programs posed a 4. 5% higher risk of being overweight† (Li, J. , & Hooker, N. , 2010). When the numbers are reviewed it is easy to conclude that there is a link between obesity and the public school system as well as the free and reduced meal programs. This link was also not altered due to socioeconomic status of the household. The study also found that â€Å"children with active parents who play sports or other activities have a BMI mean value of 0. 99 less than children of parents who are not active. Also, children who took part in sports activities after school or on the weekends had a BMI mean value of 0. 751 lower than children who did not participate in an activity (Li, J. , & Hooker, N. , 2010)†. There is a clear link between lower BMI values and active parents and active children. Education levels of the parents also appear to play a role in a child’s chances of being obese. The study concluded that â€Å"children with parents who finished high school have a BMI of 0. 17 less than those who have less than a high school education. Also, in the households where the parents completed a college education the BMI is reduced by 1. 279 in value. In households where Spanish is the primary language, the BMI was found to be 0. 680 higher than households where English was the primary language† ( Li, J. , & Hooker, N. , 2010). After review of the data in regards to the conclusion the analysis is found to be appropriate as school meal programs and household influence do in fact influence childhood obesity. There is a lot of information about the study and the data that was collected and its effectiveness. I think that the data collected can be used to link childhood obesity and school meal programs. However, I also think that the data can be disputed by the way in which the data was collected, by telephone survey. The person conducting the survey cannot verify or prove that the person being surveyed is being truthful. Also, it is unknown how the people being surveyed were asked to take part, other than by random phone number selection. If the person asked to do the survey is having issued with their school or the school meal programs their answered might be different if they knew the data could influence the thoughts on school and their meal programs. I think that this survey is very beneficial; however, I would think that a different survey method other than telephone methods would help to make the data more concrete and effective. In the end, the study does give valid data that can be evaluated to help decide the links to schools and childhood obesity. I think that the data collected can mean great change in the meal programs and the need for such change. I do not believe though that the results obtained from the study are statistically significant as the differences in most of the categories were not extraordinary one way or the other. The possible flaws in the way the information was obtained would in my opinion devalue the validity of the study. Without having actual medical knowledge regarding the child’s BMI the information is based on the opinions of the respondents.

Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc. Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined as the voluntary activities undertaken by a company to operate in an economic, social and environmentally sustainable manner. When companies operate in an economically, socially and environmentally responsible manner, and they do so transparently, it helps them succeed, in particular through encouraging shared value and social license. Management and mitigation of social and environmental risk factors are increasingly important for business success abroad, as the costs to companies of losing that social license, both in terms of share price and the bottom line, may be significant. JOHNSON & JOHNSON is a good example of a company that follows CSR. In 1982, Johnson & Johnson’s Tylenol medication commanded 35 per cent of the US over-the-counter analgesic market – representing something like 15 per cent of the company’s profits. Unfortunately, at that point one individual succeeded in lacing the drug with cyanide. Seven people died as a result, and a widespread panic ensued about how widespread the contamination might be. By the end of the episode, everyone knew that Tylenol was associated with the scare. The company’s market value fell by $1bn as a result. When the same situation happened in 1986, the company had learned its lessons well. It acted quickly – ordering that Tylenol should be recalled from every outlet – not just those in the state where it had been tampered with. Not only that, but the company decided the product would not be re-established on the shelves until something had been done to provide better product protection. As a result, Johnson & Johnson developed the tamperproof packaging that would make it much more difficult for a similar incident to occur in future. The cost was a high one. In addition to the impact on the company’s share price when the crisis first hit, the lost production and destroyed goods as a  result of the recall were considerable. However, the company won praise for its quick and appropriate action. Having sidestepped the position others have found themselves in – of having been slow to act in the face of consumer concern – they achieved the status of consumer champion. Within five months of the disaster, the company had recovered 70% of its market share for the drug – and the fact this went on to improve over time showed that the company had succeeded in preserving the long term value of the brand. In fact, there is some evidence that it was rewarded by consumers who were so reassured by the steps taken that they switched from other painkillers to Tylenol. The features that made Johnson & Johnson’s handling of the crisis a success included the following: †¢They acted quickly, with complete openness about what had happened, and immediately sought to remove any source of danger based on the worst case scenario – not waiting for evidence to see whether the contamination might be more widespread †¢Having acted quickly, they then sought to ensure that measures were taken which would prevent as far as possible a recurrence of the problem †¢They showed themselves to be prepared to bear the short term cost in the name of consumer safety. That more than anything else established a basis for trust with their customers. Johnson & Johnson published their own form of an â€Å"ethics oath† entitled †Our Credoâ€Å", as a way to communicate the mission, vision and accountability that Johnson & Johnson holds itself to for a variety of groups- doctors, nurses, patients, mothers, fathers, employees, those in the communities they operate in, as well as the global community and company stockholders. The Credo was created in 1943 by Robert Wood Johnson, a member of the founding family of the Johnson and Johnson Company. It was created just before the company became a publicly traded entity and long before the term â€Å"corporate social responsibility† was used for accountability in the workplace. On the Johnson and Johnson corporate website, they state that: â€Å"Our Credo challenges us to put the needs and well-being of the people we serve first. Our Credo is more  than just a moral compass- we believe it’s a recipe for business success. As a key player in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industry, Johnson & Johnson understands the responsibility they have when it comes to providing safe products to their consumers, as the risks tied to faulty products within this industry are particularly sensitive.† As a refresher, here are some of the benefits of having your employees publicly recite an ethics oath: †¢Positive Brand Value †¢Increase in Commitment From Employees †¢Perception + Expectation= Reality †¢EVERYONE is Accountable Many companies use storytelling and the mission of previous company leaders as a way to inspire employees and get them on board when working towards company goals. In the case of Johnson and Johnson, the importance of â€Å"Our Credo† has been evident since conception, and continues to play a signifiacnt role in the company today. When looking at the above benefits that an ethics oath can provide a company, Johnson and Johnson has been able to experience the rewards associated with each of these benefits. The story of Johnson and Johnson’s â€Å"Our Credo† is a great example of the positive impact a corporate ethics oath can have on a company.